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January 1, 2016
I’m going to share a story that has one of its details off, but the rest is vouched for by the player involved:

That player started out as a pitcher, much-desired by several MLB organizations out of high school, and the team that signed him used him as a relief pitcher initially, when he was still in his teens.  He first played in the bigs in mid-July, and got into a little over a dozen games, starting slightly more than half of them. He got no votes for Rookie of the Year. (A first-ballot HoFer was a rookie that year and had a spectacular rookie season, so this player could never have been in the running, anyway, in addition to other disqualifying factors.) The next spring training, still in his teens, this player made the starting rotation, and started the third game of the year. It was a rainy day, and the mound felt "slippery and greasy" to him. On the third pitch of the game, he "slipped and lost [his] balance just as [he] was delivering the pitch. [His] arm popped. You could hear it all over the infield. [He] felt a severe pain in [his] throwing arm before the ball even reached the plate. [His] … elbow was killing [him]."

Not too surprising for a young pitcher trying to establish himself as a big-league competitor, he hid the injury from his manager. Finally, the pain became unbearable and after six innings of agony, he told his manager that his arm hurt, and the manager pulled him from the game. He lost that game, and his team removed him from the starting rotation. The arm did not stop hurting, so his G.M. took him for treatment—not to a medical doctor, however, but to a sort of "mechano-therapist." The man the G.M. located to treat him (just a few blocks from the ballpark, incidentally) was "a small, powerful man with bulging eyes and strong, stubby hands, who practiced something called mechano-therapy--bone and muscle manipulation." After a brief examination, this "therapist" diagnosed him with "adhesions in his elbow." Then, saying "Hold on, son," he grabbed the young man’s "wrist with his left hand and [his] elbow with his right" and "gave a sudden twist—and darned near pulled [his] arm apart. The pain was blinding."

He never pitched in a game again, in the major or minor leagues, and eventually the arm had to be amputated.

This is an awful, tragic story, and it’s hard to say who gets the lion’s share of the blame—the organization for putting such a young man in a big league game in the first place, or the manager for failing to notice that his pitcher was in pain, or the pitcher himself for not having the sense to confess his injury to the manager immediately, or his teammates who heard the young pitcher’s arm popping but kept dumb about it for six innings, or the G.M. who found such shoddy unqualified non-medical treatment, or the quack himself for daring to practice without an advanced medical degree.  Who do you blame for causing the promising young man’s career, and his arm, to be cut short?

Fortunately, this is only a theoretical question. The young man’s name was Robert William Andrew Feller, and the detail in the story that is off is the final one, about never pitching in MLB again and eventually losing the arm. Everything else is more or less as Feller tells it in Now Pitching: BOB FELLER, his autobiography.

It’s a weird title, don’t you think? "Now Pitching" is, after all how a relief pitcher gets introduced, right, not a starter, and Feller certainly started the overwhelming majority of his 266 MLB victories. (258, to be  exact. Oh, the other thing I deliberately messed up, though technically accurate, because I didn’t want to give away the era too quickly, was the part about not winning the ROTY. There was no ROTY Award yet, so he couldn’t have won it. Joe D. was a first-ballot HoFer, wasn’t he?) But the second-most astonishing thing about the story, apart from my fictional ending, is how dangerously poorly the most valuable arms in the major leagues were cared for in 1937. The Indians let someone with no medical training examine Feller’s arm for a few minutes, diagnose him, and treat him by yanking that sore arm like it was a wet towel that needed wringing? Unbelievable.

The single most astonishing thing about the story is that Feller endorses the treatment (which cost the Indians, btw, all of ten bucks). He praises the Indians for "the enlightened way they handled my injury in 1937." In Feller’s defense, what he’s praising, apart from the mechano-therapy, is the fact that the Indians refrained from pitching him while he was hurt and kept trying to find treatment for his injured arm, as Indian fans clamored to pay admission to see the boy wonder and the Indians refused to let that happen until Feller’s arm felt ok. (In my summary, I also omitted the fact that the Indians did try some medical doctors first, some X-Rays, some deep massage, but medical science was stumped by Feller’s condition. And the "enlightened" Indians did try pitching him again, once in May and once in June, while his arm was "killing him," but these attempts to pitch lasted only two ineffective innings. Feller’s comeback game, after the therapy, came on July 4th. Can you imagine what a pitcher’s agent would have to say about a ballclub ever pitching a seriously injured teenager today, and then exposing him to "mechano-therapy"? I can’t.) Of course, everything worked out just fine, so Feller has nothing to complain about, and everything to praise. His arm felt better almost instantly, after that moment of "blinding" pain, so no harm, no foul, I guess.

What’s the point of this story? A small point is how little I knew about Feller’s amazing life before reading this book, compared to Joe D.’s or Ted Williams’ life. Everyone has lacunae in his knowledge, and Feller is a big lacuna in mine (as opposed to a Big Kahuna). Very good feel for how the world was before most of us were born. A bigger point concerns how terribly athletes were treated way back then—you’ve got to assume that the Indians treated their big young star with exceptional care, which raises the question of what callous treatment for a scrub looked like. A kick in the ass, and "Shaddup, kid, and play"? Probably.

But the largest point, for me, is how my counter-factual conclusion to Feller’s story makes perfect sense. If his story really did conclude in the tragic way my version did, of course, we’d never read about it. He’d never be Bob Feller, and he’d never write an autobiography.

Which makes me wonder: how many injured young athletes got the sort of treatment Feller got that made their condition worse, and never played ball again?  My best answer is: A lot. This is what I think most athletes mean (even if they don’t know it) when they say in interviews how incredibly lucky they are. Of course they’re incredibly talented and incredibly hard-working, almost every professional athlete is both those things, but in anybody’s life there are dozens and hundreds and thousands of moments when their entire future could have been suddenly and finally snuffed out—the bus that just missed running over them on the street when they were kids, the fever that mysteriously abated a minute before it would have started cooking their brains, the dog bite that turned out not to be rabid. And for athletes, routinely pushing their bodies to their absolute limit, the non-fatal but career-ending injuries that they DON’T get, that they somehow avoid while their teammates’s careers get blighted, one after another—well, as far as I’m concerned, every single athlete who makes it to the pro level has already won some kind of lottery before he throws a single pitch or sinks his first free throw.

When they say how lucky they are, I believe every word of it. I know that nowadays they’re instructed to say they’re lucky, to praise God, to thank their teammates, in lieu of saying "Damn, I’m talented, aren’t I?" and we know, on some level, that some of them are laying it on a bit thick and they’re secretly dying to attribute their victories to their own incredible set of skills, talents, characters and general abilities. But without taking any of that away from any of them, I marvel at how lucky all of them have been to have sidestepped ALL of the career-ending crises that have laid low so many other promising athletes, those who never get to write an autobiography complaining about the awful event that cut their careers off before they ever got started.

On every field, behind each athlete stands a ghostly squad of those athletes he has played with and against, some of whom had as much promise as he did, or more, but ran into some sort of cruel obstacle barring their chances for success. As new medical treatments are developed, and as obsolete attempts at treatment fade away, let’s hope that all our current problems will be met by treatments that are only now being perfected. How incredibly lucky we all are, just to have dodged the bullets we have,  that have wrecked the lives of some of our classmates, our co-workers, our friends and relatives—how lucky we are to have made it to 2016. Happy New Year, everyone, and best wishes for all of your futures.

 
 

COMMENTS (16 Comments, most recent shown first)

Steven Goldleaf
Just thought I'd do a little followup on the whole "Joe D as a first-ballot HOFer", taken from a post (that never really got discussed) on "Readers Posts" that I just came across:

boards.billjamesonline.com/showthread.php?4746-Help-clear-up-the-DiMaggio-story-on-getting-into-the-Hall-of-Fame&p=69805&viewfull=​1#post69805

which (I don't know if it will show up as a link) basically says that the HoF hadn't formally adopted a five-year waiting period when Joe D. first got votes, so essentially he was on the ballot when most voters wanted such a waiting period to be introduced and were voting against ANYONE coming up before five years was a requirement, and NOT voting against Dimaggio himself.​
10:29 AM Jan 22nd
 
Steven Goldleaf
Now I wonder what the records of Cowen's three success stories are--Hunter, Gullett, Fidrych--after the date of that issue? I suspect they had more letters in their names than they had wins left in their arms.

The followup apology, if Peephole issued one, would look like "We regret praising the medical techniques of Dr. Maurice Cowen in our issue of last August 28. All three pitchers mentioned have since retired at an average age of 29, citing agonizing pain in their throwing arms, which we falsely credited Dr. Cowen with curing."
8:36 AM Jan 4th
 
Steven Goldleaf
Lots of links if you Google Catfish Cowens. Here's Peephole Magazine, from August 28. 1978:

f the New York Yankees pull themselves together and win the pennant, Maurice Cowen is a cinch to be the American League MVP—Most Valuable Physician, that is.

Complicating the problems of discipline and morale afflicting baseball's defending champions this summer has been a debilitating series of injuries. Cowen, an orthopedic surgeon who is the Yankee team doctor, has treated most of them, especially those affecting the team's high-powered pitching staff. It includes four men who are millionaires and four or five others who think they should be.

Cowen's first success was with Don Gullett, who became crippled six weeks after the start of the season. The doctor put Gullett under anesthesia and stretched and manipulated his aching shoulder, freeing an adhesion that had kept him from cocking his pitching arm. Gullett returned to action and won four straight.

After that, Cowen used the same technique on Catfish Hunter, a once fearsome pitcher reduced to mediocrity the last two years by injuries. When Hunter pitched two strong games in a row after that, he gave much of the credit to the doctor. "Shoulder manipulation has been around a long time," says Cowen, for treating postoperative and arthritis patients. "But it's never been used on pitchers before. The results are promising."

He admits the treatment is no panacea, however. Gullett's shoulder stiffened again in July, and Cowen manipulated it a second time without success—only rest or surgery will apparently work now. Detroit Tiger star Mark Fidrych, whom Cowen agreed to treat, said his arm felt better afterward, but he quit for the season anyway.

The problem, Cowen says, is that while "baseball injuries aren't as severe as those in other sports, they are harder to treat. We're trying to undo in a few weeks' time what's taken years to develop." Poor conditioning techniques that players develop in the minor leagues make his job harder, the doctor says. "Baseball players are among the most unsophisticated athletes," he adds. "Most don't have much of an education, as opposed to pro football players."

In his private practice Cowen's patients range from Little Leaguers to Martha Graham dancers. "In ballet they take care of themselves," he says. "But I've seen Little Leaguers with permanently deformed arms. They're allowed to pitch only once a week but then they go home and throw four hours a day. Parents should take the ball away."

One of two sons of a Newark, N.J. accountant, the 5'8", 145-lb. Cowen played "disorganized baseball" and later tried lacrosse at Oberlin. Although he grew up a Yankee fan, his hero was a doctor uncle, so he went to New York Medical College. Later he trained in orthopedics under Sidney Gaynor, then the Yankee team doctor, and James Nicholas, who treats the New York Jets. Cowen practiced sports medicine in lacrosse (the Long Island Tomahawks, now defunct) and football (the New York Stars, ditto) before Dr. Nicholas recommended him to the Yanks last year. Has owner George Steinbrenner ever interfered? "Never," Cowen says. "Players always want to play—some have clauses in their contract saying if they don't play they don't get paid. And management wants to put the best team possible on the field to attract people into the stadium. But the final say on whether a player is fit is up to the doctor."

Now separated from his wife and two children, Cowen finds his social life crowded out by work. One release is his $27,000 turbocharged Porsche, which had to be sidelined for repairs just before he was to leave for a week's vacation on Long Island this summer. At such times a doctor really appreciates a patient like Reggie Jackson. Upon hearing of Cowen's troubles, Jackson, who owns five cars, had a remedy. "Doc," he said, "take one of mine."
8:29 AM Jan 4th
 
Steven Goldleaf
What does Frank Viola have to do with all this?
4:33 AM Jan 4th
 
rwarn17588
This essay sparked a memory of Sparky Lyle's "The Bronx Zoo" book about a doctor doing the same sort of "adhesions" treatment on a sore-armed Catfish Hunter.

I did a Google search and viola:

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19780808&id=tukpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4tIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4575,3252445&hl=en

The doctor's name was Maurice Cowen, the Yankees' team doctor. Don't know anything about him.

Catfish still wasn't all that good after that, but he insisted he pitched in less pain than he had in years.

I'm putting out this question, because I genuinely don't know: Is there anything to this "too any adhesions" diagnosis, or is it just a wild guess?
12:55 AM Jan 4th
 
jemanji
Well, Steven, like I say it's an info-taining article. Enjoy your work.

In his approach to crime, Bill James takes an attitude of, "Do we know what the facts are here? Or does it just sound a lot like we know what the facts are?"

Your response (appreciate it!) kicks the ball further down the field to, "If this guy helped Feller, he would undoubtedly have started a national chain of clinics." I can just imagine how "Popular Crime" would have reacted to that assumption. ;- )

.......

The broader question, for me, is whether 7 years of college beats no college. The guy whose name is in the masthead is not a scientist, but his intelligence, logic, and attitude trumped the post-HS education of those around him.

When I want to know the truth on something medical, for example, 80% of the time I ask the nurses rather than the doctors. For sub-example, when my mom died, her oncologist told us, twice, with great conviction, we'd re-start chemo in ten days. The nurse told us, with wild eyes, twice, to get in there and say goodbye to her. The doctor reprimanded the nurse. My mom lived 12 hours past that.

This has happened All. The. Time. in my own medical situation.

.........

Very, very possible that the less conventional A.L. Austin just got lucky. Thing is, I don't know.


7:03 PM Jan 2nd
 
Steven Goldleaf
According to Pitching to the Pennant,

https://books.google.com/books?id=SfjMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=A.L.+Austin+Feller&source​=bl&ots=we8XTg-6wf&sig=imaF3qK2GQt4gxoI59osxTbnxaI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiynp2-7ovKAhWJ5CYKHfiVCL0Q6​AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=A.L. Austin Feller&f=false

Austin “diagnosed a dislocated ulna bone as the problem, gave Feller’s arm a sudden twist and pronounced him ready to pitch.” Is a dislocated ulna bone anything like adhesions? Sounds different to me, but what do I know? I’m not a doctor.

1:45 PM Jan 2nd
 
Gfletch
From the Nevada Daily Mail, Thursday, December 9. 1993, article “War Costly to Feller” By Hal Bock:

[i]“It was a rainy day and I slipped throwing a curveball,” he [Feller] said. His arm went out, for the first and only time in his career.

“The arm healed, but I couldn’t straighten it out,” Feller said. “They sent me everywhere, the Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins. Nobody could help.”

The Indians were in danger of losing a valuable arm when help arrived. Dr. A. L. Austin advised the club that he could fix Feller, and he did.

“He said the problem was adhesions,” the pitcher said. “He packed the arm in hot towels and rubbed it. He took hold of the arm and straightened it out, just like that. He told me I could pitch the next day. I waited two days. I went out and pitched and never felt it again. He saved my career, right then and there.”[i]


You can see the whole thing from:

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1908&dat=19931207&id=5eofAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ttkEAAAAIBAJ​&pg=3218,4473418&hl=en

11:42 AM Jan 2nd
 
Cooper
Steven -i'm sorry if this post takes your essay off course, but how and when did doctors begin to do surgery on pitcher's arms?

When I became a fan and would read about pitcher's and their arm issues --everything appeared to get labeled as tendonitis and I wondered if that was because the only mode of fixing the problem was rest and/or cortisone. Jobe did the Tommy John surgery in 1973-and i'm guessing they opened up the arm to take out bone spurs previous to that. Did they do arm surgeries in the 40's and 50's?
8:32 AM Jan 2nd
 
rgregory1956

One could also make a truthful statement that Joe DiMaggio was better than a first-ballot HOFer. He retired in 1951, so, by today's standards, he wouldn't have been eligible for the Hall until 1957. But somehow, he got in in 1955, two years before he'd've been a first ballot enshrinee. Ther have been a few who have gotton in without the 5-year retired rule: Ruth, Gehrig, Hornsby, Hubbell, Grove, Ott, DiMaggio and Clemente.


7:43 AM Jan 2nd
 
Steven Goldleaf
The guy's name was "A. L. Austin" (and, no, he didn't have a twin named "N.L. Austin" who fixed National League pitchers' arms) and since all I know about him is what I read on Page 51 of Feller's book, he could be the greatest practitioner of any medical art since Paracelsus--he's certainly the only one I know about with a 100% cure rate. (I only called him a "quack" when I was falsely asserting a 0% cure rate.) Feller must have been phenomenally lucky to have hooked up with him, since we do know about all the hundreds of big league pitchers whose arms went bad early on and who simply dropped out of MLB, some of whom must have had "adhesions on the elbow." Feller's the only pitcher who ever got cured of this problem so quickly, that I ever heard of anyway. You've got to wonder, if you think Feller was anything but the luckiest SOB who ever lived, why "A.L. Austin" isn't as famous as Dr. Jobe or Dr. Kerlan or Dr. Krankheit. I mean, if I were him, and I saved Feller's career like this, I'd have opened up a series of clinics, maybe some "Blinding Pain is Us" franchises, and revolutionized sore-arm treatment from MLB down to junior high, but no. That doesn't seem to have worked out, so either Austin wasn't any good at marketing what he could do, or Bob found the only guy who could fix his career-threatening problem before the season was half over.

As to Joe. D.--thanks, W.T.Mons10. I knew there was something off in asserting flat-out that he was a first-ballot HoFer, but that sounded crazy to me. Joe D. not a first-ballot guy? I just spent half a century listening to him ballyhooed as "The Greatest Living Player" so how could he possibly not make the HoF on ballot #1? Impossible--yet something was nagging at me, reminding me that there was some delay that somehow didn't result in a crowd of villagers torching downtown Cooperstown in protest. But I thought, "Nah, you're imagining things in your old age. How could Joe D. have been told 'Cool your heels for a year or two while we consider your candidacy'?" So thanks for the correction. Good to know I needed to take the voices in my head more seriously.
4:22 AM Jan 2nd
 
W.T.Mons10
No, DiMaggio wasn't a first ballot HoFer. He didn't make it until his third ballot (not counting a stray vote in 1945).
8:32 PM Jan 1st
 
OldBackstop
How many top tier prime baseball players in, say, the last decade have had their carer ended by a medical issue? Damn few, I think.
6:10 PM Jan 1st
 
jemanji
Good article!

... and just to play a bit of devil's advocate. We start off with the impression that the Indians sent Feller to a back-alley hobo because he's the guy who would take $10.

Wait! Then we process the fact that "the Indians did try some medical doctors first, some X-Rays, some deep massage, but medical science was stumped by Feller’s condition."

So ... thinking a bit. Perhaps the MD's of the 1950s were able to rule out elbow ligament damage? Or no? Was that beyond 1950's medicine? No idea.

So the back-alley guy "with no medical training" (Name? Tracer?) might have seen this situation before? And apparently the Indians had a set of positive outcomes with the guy? And apparently they turned to him last?

And apparently he fixed Bob Feller, did he not?

And the specific way he pulled Feller's arm got specifically at the "location" as measured by pain feedback? And apparently it took the man 2 seconds to know where this was?

Hard to say whether the guy was right about adhesions/scar tissue. I do know that in my own case, tearing loose adhesions have been a big part of my recovery.

Nowadays, the year 2015, they'd MRI the arm to a fare-thee-well. And odds are really good that (after ligament damage was ruled out) they would diagnose --- > scar tissue.

Cheers,
Jeff
5:21 PM Jan 1st
 
wilbur
I used to be a decent amateur golfer, a single digit handicap. I played regularly with a couple of friends who were near scratch. You often heard other golfers say "I'd rather be lucky than good".

We thought about it once, and unanimously concluded that no, we'd rather be good than lucky. Not even close.

Steve161, the way you put it sums it up well.

Steven Goldleaf, thanks for an interesting essay.
4:02 PM Jan 1st
 
steve161
Very well said, Steven. Of course, when you start thinking about it, the existence of any one of us is the highly improbable result of innumerable couplings of male and female, going back to the dawn of humanity and even of life itself, every one of which is an essential ingredient of our particular genetic stew.

Which is why the old saw, "If you can't be good, be lucky" is inadequate. More to the point: "If you're lucky enough to be good, make the most of it."
9:41 AM Jan 1st
 
 
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